F-1 Student US Visa Rules: A Complete Guide

The F-1 visa is the most widely used student visa for international applicants who plan to pursue full-time studies in the United States. It applies to those attending accredited colleges, universities, high schools, language training programs, or other academic institutions. To qualify, applicants must first be admitted to a Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-approved school before they can apply.

One of the key requirements is maintaining full-time student status. Students must enroll in a full course of study each academic term, as defined by their institution. Falling below the required course load without prior approval from the school’s designated official may result in a violation of visa status. Attendance and academic performance are closely monitored, and students are expected to make normal progress toward completing their program.

Employment opportunities under the F-1 visa are limited. On-campus work is generally permitted up to 20 hours per week during the school term and full-time during holidays and breaks. Off-campus work is only allowed under specific programs, such as Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT), and requires authorization. Unauthorized employment can lead to the loss of visa status.

F-1 students are granted a grace period of 60 days after completing their academic program or Optional Practical Training. During this time, they must either depart the United States, apply to transfer to another SEVP-approved school, or change their immigration status.

Maintaining valid documentation is critical. Students must keep their Form I-20 current and updated for any changes, such as switching majors, transferring schools, or extending their program. A valid passport and visa are also required for re-entry into the United States after travel abroad.

F-1 visas are generally issued for the duration of status, meaning students can remain in the U.S. as long as they continue to meet the terms of their visa and maintain their I-20. Dependents of F-1 students, such as spouses or children under 21, may apply for F-2 visas, though they cannot work and may study only under certain conditions.

In summary, the F-1 student visa allows international students to pursue academic studies in the United States but comes with strict rules. Students must maintain full-time enrollment, seek proper authorization for work, and keep their documents valid to stay compliant and protect their status.